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By Swami Harshananda
Viraja Homam—Remedying of Past Karma & Self-Purification. Why VirajaHoma? Do you believe in the saying that “your karma is watching you”? Then this homa is personalized and customized for you, undoubtedly. Karma is the residue of your past and the bad baggage from your present births. Yes, your karma follows you, both for your good.
Sometimes transliterated as: Virajahoma, VirajAhoma, Virajaahoma
Virajāhoma literally means ‘homa to become free from impurities’.
When a person decides to take sanyāsadīkṣā, embrace monastic life with certain vows, he has to perform some rites and ceremonies. One of the most important of these is the Virajāhoma.
It is a lengthy ritual. It comprises offering forty oblations in a duly consecrated fire with fuel sticks, cooked rice and ghee. The mantras recited during those oblations are the ones given in the Mahānārāyana Upaniṣād.[1] A typical format of the mantras is like this:‘May my five prāṇas be purified, may I be light or illumination, free from rajas and from evil, svāhā!’
This is repeated a number of times to include several items such as:
- Five senses
- Mind
- Intellect
- Seed
- Thought
- Constituents of the body
- Several limbs of the body
- Five guṇas of the elements
- Five kośas or sheaths
- Etc.
References
- The Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Swami Harshananda, Ram Krishna Math, Bangalore
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Agnihotra (IAST: Agnihotra, Devanagari: अग्निहोत्र) refers to the twice-daily heated milk offering made by those in the Śrauta tradition.[1] This tradition dates back to the Vedic age; the Brahmans perform the Agnihotra ritual chanting the verses from the Rigveda. The tradition is now practiced in many parts of South Asia in the Indian sub-continent, including primarily India and most particularly in Nepal. The Brahman who performs Agnihotra ritual is called Agnihotri.
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The history of Agnihotra ritual — the casting of ghee into the fire, at every sunset and at every sunrise — has been traced from a common Indo-Iranian fire-worship ritual including ZoroastrianYasna Haptaŋhāiti ritual mentioned in the Old Avestan. This was already popular in India with Upaniṣads as religious performance.
Agnihotra rituals in Nepal[edit]
Witzel (1992) locates the first Agnishala hypothetically at Jhul (Mātātīrtha), in the western ridge of the Kathmandu valley and later at the southern rim of the palace of Aṃśuvermā at Hadigaon, Kathmandu. The first source of inscription evidence was from Tachapal tole, east part of Bhaktapur city, also shown by a legend that the Maithila King Harisiṃhadeva would establish the yantra of Taleju Bhavānī in the house of an Agnihotri. From 1600 CE onward, the Agnihotra has been attested to Patan only.
The Agnihotra ritual in Nepal has been first recorded in an inscription of King Anandadeva in c. 1140 AD that mentions of the initiations of his two sons, viz. Yasomalla and prince Somesvara at Agnimatha (or Agnishala in Lalitpur).[2] The temple of Agnishala since the 12th century (or before?) still maintains the Vedic tradition of Agnihotra fire sacrifice ritual and has since then undergone many ritual changes.[2][3] However, the basic Vedic performance is still intact.
Alongside the one in Lalitpur there are other of such Agnishalas identified and recently revived, viz.[4]
- at southern edge of Pashupatinath temple (a UNESCOWorld Heritage Site of Nepal) by a Purbe Brahmin. This has been in practice for almost 200 years now, and for this Agnishala, in 1974 the government provided NRs. 18,000 (then around US $7,000) per year.
- at Kumarigal, south of Bouddha (another UNESCOWorld Heritage Site in Nepal) in Kathmandu by Narayan Prasad, a Purbe Brahmin
- at Thamel, north of central Kathmandu by Tirtha Raj Acharya
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Knipe, David M. (2015). Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Anthra Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ^ abWitzel, Michael (1992). Hoek, A W van den; Kolff, D H A; Oort, M S (eds.). 'Meaningful Rituals: Vedic, Medieval, and Contemporary Concepts in the Nepalese Agnihotra Ritual'. Ritual, State and History in South Asia: Essays in Honour of J.C. Heesterman. E J Brill: 774–828. ISBN9004094679.
- ^Rajopadhyaya, Abhas D (2017). Fire Rituals in Newār Community: The Dynamics of Rituals at Agnimaṭha, Pāṭan [MA Thesis]. Kathmandu: Department of Anthropology, Tri-Chandra College (affiliated to Tribhuvan University).
- ^Witzel, Michael (1986). 'Agnihtora-Rituale in Nepal' [Agnihotra Ritual in Nepal]. In Kölver, B; Leinhard, Seigfried (eds.). Formen kulturellen Wandels und andere Beirtaege zur Erforschung des Himalaya. St Augustin: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag. pp. 157–187.