Aircrack-ng is an 802.11 WEP and WPA/WPA2-PSK key cracking program.
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Aircrack-ng can recover the WEP key once enough encrypted packets have been captured with airodump-ng. This part of the aircrack-ng suite determines the WEP key using two fundamental methods. The first method is via the PTW approach (Pyshkin, Tews, Weinmann). The default cracking method is PTW. This is done in two phases. In the first phase, aircrack-ng only uses ARP packets. If the key is not found, then it uses all the packets in the capture. Please remember that not all packets can be used for the PTW method. This Tutorial: Packets Supported for the PTW Attack page provides details. An important limitation is that the PTW attack currently can only crack 40 and 104 bit WEP keys. The main advantage of the PTW approach is that very few data packets are required to crack the WEP key.
The other, older method is the FMS/KoreK method. The FMS/KoreK method incorporates various statistical attacks to discover the WEP key and uses these in combination with brute forcing. It requires more packets than PTW, but on the other hand is able to recover the passphrase when PTW sometimes fail.
Additionally, the program offers a dictionary method for determining the WEP key.
For cracking WPA/WPA2 pre-shared keys, only a dictionary method is used. A “four-way handshake” is required as input. For WPA handshakes, a full handshake is composed of four packets. However, aircrack-ng is able to work successfully with just 2 packets. EAPOL packets (2 and 3) or packets (3 and 4) are considered a full handshake.
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SSE2, AVX, AVX2, and AVX512 support is included to dramatically speed up WPA/WPA2 key processing. With the exception of AVX512, all other instructions are built-in Aircrack-ng, and it will automatically select the fastest available for the CPU. For non-x86 CPUs, SIMD improvements are present as well.
SDKs
- iOS 13.0+
- macOS 10.15+
- Mac Catalyst 13.0+
- tvOS 13.0+
- watchOS 6.0+
- Xcode 11.0+
Declaration
Overview
Use hash-based message authentication to create a code with a value that’s dependent on both a block of data and a symmetric cryptographic key. Another party with access to the data and the same secret key can compute the code again and compare it to the original to detect whether the data changed. This serves a purpose similar to digital signing and verification, but depends on a shared symmetric key instead of public-key cryptography.
As with digital signing, the data isn’t hidden by this process. When you need to encrypt the data as well as authenticate it, use a cipher like AES or ChaChaPoly to put the data into a sealed box (an instance of AES.GCM.SealedBox or ChaChaPoly.SealedBox).
Topics
typealias HMAC.KeyAn alias for the symmetric key type used to compute or verify a message authentication code.
struct SymmetricKeytypealias HMAC.MACAn alias for a hash-based message authentication code.
struct HashedAuthenticationCodeprotocol MessageAuthenticationCodeA type that represents a message authentication code.
static func authenticationCode<D>(for: D, using: SymmetricKey) -> HMAC<H>.MACComputes a message authentication code for the given data.
init(key: SymmetricKey)func update<D>(data: D)Updates the message authentication code computation with a block of data.
func finalize() -> HMAC<H>.MACFinalizes the message authentication computation and returns the computed code.
static func isValidAuthenticationCode<D>(HMAC<H>.MAC, authenticating: D, using: SymmetricKey) -> BoolReturns a Boolean indicating whether the given code is valid for a block of data.
static func isValidAuthenticationCode(HMAC<H>.MAC, authenticating: UnsafeRawBufferPointer, using: SymmetricKey) -> BoolReturns a Boolean indicating whether the given code is valid for a block of data stored in a buffer.
See Also
struct SymmetricKey